Enhancing Automated Low Cloud Observations: Benefits of LWIR All-Sky Imager and Ceilometer Hybridization for METAR Compatible Cloud Cover
08 Oct 2026
Developments in Earth System Measurements and Technologies
Modernization of Observing Systems and Capacity Development
Human METAR observation remains the reference for airport cloud reporting, but is costly to sustain. Using a 2019–2020 campaign at Geneva Airport, this study compares observer reports, ceilometer-derived cloud layers and an infrared all-sky imager. A new optical-depth calibration separates low from high cloud, yielding an operationally coherent octa value. Ceilometers miss cloud edges; the imager lacks altitude. Fusing both raises agreement with the observer from 61 % to 69 %.
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